If you're interested in running Mac OS X, but you don't want to pay ridiculous prices for a normal Mac, then a Hackintosh just might be for you. Right now, the newest iteration of OS X is 10.11, known as El Capitan. Previous versions include 10.10 (Yosemite), 10.9 (Mavericks), 10.8. MacOS Big Sur elevates the most advanced desktop operating system in the world to a new level of power and beauty. Experience Mac to the fullest with a refined new design. Enjoy the biggest Safari update ever. Discover new features for Maps and Messages. And get even more transparency around your privacy.
by Rod Smith, [email protected]
Arkanoid Brick Breaker Dash is #1 highly anticipated arcade game filled with endless charm and brilliantly designed levels. With new power-ups smartly layered onto the classic gameplay, Arkanoid Brick Breaker Dash is more challenging and engaging. Under to the 'Application' section and select 'Download on Mac OSX'. Double-click the 'Dashe-3.X.X.dmg' image-mount at the saved location. Some users may be prompted an 'unidentified developer' message box, simply click 'OK' to proceed to the next step. The location of backslash (and any letter, symbol etc.) depends on the active keyboard layout. In order to find where is located a desired char, activate the keyboard viewer (in sys prefs/keyboard), open it (it is where the keyboard layouts are), and beging to press keys, including option and shift, in order to find its location.
Originally written: 1/2011; Last Web page update: 6/17/2013 (last major update: 5/4/2012)
I'm a technical writer and consultant specializing in Linuxtechnologies. This Web page is provided free of charge and with no annoyingoutside ads; however, I did take time to prepare it, and Web hosting doescost money. If you find this Web page useful, please consider making asmall donation to help keep this site up and running. Thanks!
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Note: This page is written using a rather elderly 32-bit Mac Mini as a reference, and using Ubuntu 12.04 as a reference. Developments in the last year have rendered certain of the procedures on this page sub-optimal. I've tried to point these out, but I haven't fully researched better replacements, and I lack the modern hardware on which to test some of the better methods on more recent 64-bit Macs. Thus, you may need to deviate from these instructions on modern computers.
The Problem
When installing Ubuntu Linux on an Intel-based Macintosh, most peoplefollow any of several guides available on the Internet, such as thisUbuntu document. Most of these guides, however, rely on features of theMacintosh that are intended to enable it to boot Windows. In particular,these guides typically end up creating a configuration that boots Linuxusing its Compatibility Support Module (CSM), which provides BIOSemulation on the Mac. In this mode, the Mac sets up a Basic Input OutputSystem (BIOS) layer that the OS can use, rather than rely on the ExtensibleFirmware Interface (EFI) that OS X uses to run on the computer. BIOSemulation is expedient, and it's the only way that most versions of Windowscan boot directly on a Mac, but it's got several drawbacks:
As far as I can tell, BIOS emulation mode only works when a hybrid MBRis present on the hard disk or when a BIOS-bootable optical disk isinserted in the optical drive. Thus, you can't use BIOS emulation mode witha conventional GPT disk unless you plan to use a bootable optical disc toboot Linux.
Ubuntu can use the BIOS emulation and hybrid MBR that enable Windows toboot on Macs, but it doesn't need to! If you don't use thesefeatures, you won't see their problems. Hybrid MBRs, in particular, are aBad Idea (with a capital B and a capital I). I've seen numerous problemsreported at the Ubuntu Forums relatedto Ubuntu installations on Macs with hybrid MBRs, and more problems withsimilar configurations elsewhere. See my hybrid MBR Web pagefor a technical description of what they are and what can go wrong withthem. In short, they can get out of sync, cause confusion about whichpartition is which, and become damaged in frustrating ways. Whenever Ithink I've heard of every possible problem with hybrid MBRs, I stumbleacross a new one. You're better off without one, if that'spossibleâand it is, if you dual-boot OS X and Linux but notWindows.
The trouble is that Ubuntu doesn't support installing to a Mac in EFImode, at least not as of version 12.04. (Some sources claim that this nowworks on some later versions, but I haven't tested this claimâindeed,I lack the hardware to do so!) The normal 64-bit discs can boot on PCs ineither BIOS mode or (if the PC supports it) UEFI mode (UEFI being,essentially, EFI 2.x). These discs reportedly do not boot on Macs(although I suspect they might with the help of rEFIt or rEFInd). The 32-bit Ubuntuinstallation discs lack EFI support. Ubuntu has also released 64-bit discimages for Macs. Ironically, these boot only in BIOS mode! Therefore, torid your computer of the dangerous hybrid MBR, you'll need to jump throughsome hoops. An alternative to all of this is to run Ubuntu in a virtualenvironment, such as VirtualBox.This can be a good solution in some cases, but it doesn't give Linux directaccess to the hardware and you'll lose some speed.
Some Caveats
Although my opinion is that Intel-based Macs are best booted using EFIand a GPT with a protective MBR rather than a hybrid MBR, there aredrawbacks to doing it this way. These include:
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If you're running Fedora, CentOS, Mandriva, OpenSUSE, Gentoo, Debian, ormost other Linux distributions, the procedure I'm about to describe willprobably work; however, some details may differ. In fact, at one time oranother, I've installed Ubuntu, CentOS, and OpenSUSE on my Mac Mini, allusing EFI-mode boots. It's possible that your preferred distributionalready supports direct EFI installation, in which case the problem ofinstalling to a Mac in EFI mode may not exist. Check your distribution'sdocumentation to be sure.
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I've tested this procedure only on my first-generation Intel-based MacMini. This computer uses a 32-bit CPU and 32-bit EFI, so I've tested onlythe 32-bit version of Ubuntu. It's possible that the 64-bit version hasdifferent requirements, or you may need to do things differently on newer64-bit Macs. You can check which type of EFI you've got with the followingcommand, typed in an OS X Terminal:
The result should include the string EFI32 or EFI64;the meaning of each should be obvious.
Breaker Dash Mac Os DownloadPrerequisites
Before proceeding, you'll need to download a few items:
With these items in hand, you can proceed with installing Ubuntu, andthen fix it up so that it doesn't use a hybrid MBR. Coco climber mac os.
Installing Ubuntu
If you've already got a working dual-boot configuration with OS X andUbuntu, you can skip this section and jump ahead to 'Fixing the Installation.' You may be able to skip someof the steps in that section, too, such as rEFInd installation.
To install Ubuntu Linux 12.04 on an Intel-based Mac, follow thesedirections:
When the installation finishes, the computer will rebootâstraightinto Mac OS X! (See the below note if it doesn't boot, though.) You mustnow proceed with fixing it up in various ways..
Fixing the Installation
If you've followed the directions, your computer should now be bootedinto OS X, looking very much like it did before. Ubuntu isinstalled, however, and your disk has a hybrid MBR. You must now take stepsto return the hybrid MBR to a safer protective MBR, as the GPT standardrequires, and to set up a boot loader that enables you to select which OSto boot when the computer powers up. To do so, follow these steps:
At this point, if you did everything exactly correctly, you should beable to boot Ubuntu in EFI mode. When you reboot, your rEFInd menu shouldinclude a new Ubuntu option, as shown below. Select it and your GRUB menushould appear; it will resemble the one shown earlier, although it may usea different font and color scheme.
Once you're satisfied with your ability to boot and use both Linux andOS X, you can delete the BIOS Boot Partition from your hard disk. It'sno longer needed, but OS X may want free space where it resides in thefuture. You can use GParted, parted, gdisk, or any otherpartitioning tool to delete this partition.
Although my own system doesn't seem to suffer from its presence, it'sconceivable that some Macs will experience boot-time slowdowns because ofthe presence of the BIOS version of GRUB's boot code in the hard disk'sMBR. If you think this is happening, you can type sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda bs=440 count=1 toeliminate it. Be very careful with that command, though! Beabsolutely positive that you've typed it correctly, and particularlythe bs=440 and count=1 numbers. If you write too muchdata in this way, you can damage your partition table!
If you've not used it before, you may want to peruse the rEFInd documentation. Althoughthe default options work well for most systems, you may want to tweak someof them or install ancillary programs, such as an EFI shell program.
You may want to add an entry for the ESP to your /etc/fstabfile so that it will be mounted automatically whenever you boot. Thefollowing line will do the trick on most systems:
You can tweak this entry as you see fit. The /dev/sda1specification works for most people, but you could change it to use aLABEL or UUID specification, as inUUID=2B68-9A85. This will make the configuration more robustshould the disk identifier change because you boot with a different diskconfiguration or you repartition the disk. If you this change, you'll needto obtain the label or UUID value for your ESP. Typing blkid /dev/sda1 (changing the device identifier, ifnecessary) should do this.
Improving the Boot Method
Although GRUB 2 often works in a configuration like the one I've justdescribed, it also often misbehaves. For instance, on my brand-new Ubuntu12.04 installation (less than 24 hours old as I type), GRUB 2 often givesme a 'file not found' error when selecting the Ubuntu entry; then if Iselect the same entry, it boots fine. On other installations andcomputers, GRUB 2 has resulted in kernels that begin to boot and then fail;it's begun returning a grub> emergency prompt for no apparentreason; and it's done a poor job of detecting OSes and kernels. What'smore, on my Mac, Ubuntu's packaging system keeps trying to replacegrub-efi with grub-pc, which would result in anunbootable installation if allowed to continue! For these reasons, GRUB 2is the EFI boot loader that I favor least. That said, some peoplesay it works acceptably for them, and it's Ubuntu's default boot loader, soUbuntu's installation scripts usually do a tolerable to good job ofautomatically configuring it. These are the reasons I provided instructionsfor installing GRUB 2. I personally try to remove it as soon as possibleafter an installation, or at least shove it out of the way so that it can'tdo any real damage.
If you have problems with it, you can switch to another EFI boot loader.My EFI Boot Loaders forLinux Web page describes the options that are available. If you'vefollowed the directions on this page, my personal favorite is actuallyquite close to working: If you can install a Linux kernel with the EFI stubloader support enabled, rEFInd can launch it directly, without the helpof GRUB. The major hurdle to overcome on this score is that Ubuntu 12.04installs a 3.2.0 kernel, but the EFI stub loader became available with the3.3.0 kernel. This is why I recommended installing Ubuntu 12.04.2, 13.04,or a more recent version of Ubuntu; these versions ship with 3.3.0 or laterkernels. In broad outline, to use the EFI stub loader, you must:
This refind_linux.conf file is taken from a workinginstallation, but you'll need to adjust the UUID value for your owncomputer if you use it as a model. When you boot, rEFInd uses the firstline's options by default, but by pressing F2 or Insert when you select akernel in rEFInd, you can choose another option set.
The beauty of this method of booting is that you don't need to changeconfiguration files when you install a new kernelâjust place it, witha suitable filename, in the kernel directory and rEFInd will detect it anduse the options from refind_linux.conf to boot it. Although GRUB 2is supposed to be as easy to use, it accomplishes this goal by running aseries of configuration scripts whenever you install a new kernel andupdating its configuration file. This process can go wrong, particularly inadvanced or exotic setups.
If you have problems with GRUB 2, ELILO and GRUB Legacy are the bestoptions, as described on my EFI boot loaders page.Each has advantages and disadvantages. On my Mac Mini, ELILO doesn't work,but that may be a model-specific quirk. Unfortunately, you'll need toadjust either boot loader's configuration whenever you upgrade your kernel,so keep an eye on that!
Going Further
You can consult the UEFIBooting page tolearn about more options for GRUB on a Mac. Some of that page'sinstructions didn't work for me, though; presumably they're either specificto particular Mac models or the page is dated.
I hope you've found this Web page informative. I realize the proceduresoutlined here are complex, but in my opinion, it's worth getting rid of theflaky and dangerous hybrid MBR even if doing so requires investing theeffort described here.
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